VIDEOS

FRIDAY FOR FUTURE

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/climate/global-climate-strike.html

Global climate strikes one of largest environmental protests in history | ITV News, Sept 20

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTWZsdyX4n8

GRAMMAR : Present Perfect

Present perfect

We use the present perfect:

• for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They've been married for nearly 50 years.
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

• when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

I've seen that film before.
I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
He has written three books and he is working on another

We normally use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that something is still continuing in the present:

It's been raining for hours.
I'm tired out. I've been working all day.

For/since

The words for and since are used in sentences where the speaker wants to talk about something that started in the past and continues into the present.
For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long):

• I've had this watch for more than 40 years.
• I've only known her for a few weeks.
• He's been here for 6 months and still can't speak a word of German.
• She's been smoking for a long time. No wonder she coughs so much!

Since is used when specifying the starting point:

• I've had this watch since 1965.
• I've only known her since the beginning of last week.
• He's been here since April and he still can't speak a word of German.
• She's been smoking since she started grade 5. No wonder she coughs so much!

Note: The present perfect or present perfect continuous are needed in such sentences. It is wrong to say:

Test Yourself!

 http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/since.htm

WEEKLY VOCABULARY

WEEK ONE 

Pros and  cons: the pros outweigh the cons (or the opposite!)

Advantages and drawbacks

Upsides and downsides

To improve = to get better: the situation is improving (= is getting better)

To speak fluently: he speaks English fluently

His English is fluent (adj) 
he lives abroad = overseas (à l'étranger) 

a harbour // harbor

a crowd _ it’s crowded (= full of people)

lack of – the lack of vocabulary is a major drawback  

traffic jams are a plague in large cities

a plague = un fléau

congested (= embouteillé) : it is one of the most congested cities in Europe

He’ll take his exam in two months.

He’ll have to work hard to PASS

To pass an exam ≠to fail

His goal is to enter one of the best engineering schools in the country 
cheap = inexpensive ≠ expensive = costly 
to acknowlege = reconnaître, admettre 
The government has acknowledged that homelessness is a problem
ON September 13th 2019 / IN September 2019 

WEEK TWO

He/she has trouble focusiING in class
they had no trouble findING a solution
they are protesting against (= demonstrating)
a protest = a demonstration
a protester = a demonstrator  
the EU flag
Hard Brexiteers  ≠ remainers 
to remain: they want to remain in the EU
The current Prime Minister

a hurricane
a storm
an earthquake
a flood - to flood: the whoel aera was flooded  (inondation - inonder) 
a drought (sécheresse) = a dry spell 
 Alabama farmers are  losing money due to drought
a natural disaster = a natural catastrophe
natural  ≠ man-made (= due to human activity)
a worst-case scenario = a nightmare scenario
the lung of the  planet
to raise public awareness  = sensibiliser l'opinion publique

EU organises beach cleanup events worldwide to raise awareness of marine pollution 

an awareness campaign 

California plans to launch a $20 million public awareness campaign next month regarding the dangers of vaping 

WEEK 3

a strike (grève)
to go on strike - to be on strike
 Teen girls are leading the climate strikes and helping change the face of environmentalism (The Washington Post

a global issue
the climate crisis  (/ai/ sound)
an environmental issue
to gather (se rassembler)
 World Leaders Gather in New York as Global Climate Protests Grow (bloomberg.com)
a gathering (un rassemblement) 
to demand (exiger)
to take action (agir)
Protesters flock to Olympia to demand (that the)  state take action on climate change (komonews.com)

---

either ... or: they can either leave or stay (soit... soit)
 'It's either extinction or action': Across Berkshires, students demand action on climate change (berkshireeagle.com)

to cancel (annuler) 
a nationwide - a worldwide protest
tomorrow's voters
today's politicians  
they are worried = they are concerned about their future (inquiet) 

A new survey suggests Canadians are concerned about the proliferation of fake news ( Canadian Press)

WEEK 4: 

an ongoing issue = qui perdure, qui ne date pas d'hier

it's BOTH an economic issue AND a social one.

a recent trend (tendance)

a Phenomenon

to tackle an issue : s'attaquer à un pb:

 The British Beer & Pub Association (BBPA) and UKHospitality (UKH) have united to tackle the issue of underage gambling 

an alarming issue = inquiétant  

to trigger = to spark : déclencher 

Boris Johnson's second bid to trigger a  general election fails

 With hibernation fast approaching, a grizzly bear family is spotted searching for fish near the shores of Canada's Knight Inlet. They're emaciated.

The heartbreaking images, captured by a Canadian photographer, have sparked concern from wildlife observers. They worry whether the bear and two cubs will even make it through hibernation.

 to starve

starvation = famine

to flee (fled, fled) = fuir 

Being forced to flee is one of the worst things a person can experience. But it makes life even harder and more dangerous if you're a woman.

  
WEEK 5:

A developing country/nation
An emerging country/nation/economy
A developed/ wealthy country/nation

To make a decision: they have made an important decision
A decision-maker

At once: they reacted at once = immediately

To make sure that...: they want to make sure that everyone is aware of the problem

Moreover = furthermore = besides = in addition

Free speech= freedom of speech

A means of communication / a means of transport

Despite the fact that they are underage, they are already politically active = 

Even though they are underage, they are already politically active =

They are underage,and yet, they are already politically active
 
WEEK 6

man and robot -
They are ON AN EQUAL FOOTING

The cartoon depicts the power struggle between man and the machine. (rapport de force)

the machine is HUGE compared to the worker

No one can tell who will HAVE THE UPPER HAND (avoir le dessus)

It is a LOSING BATTLE( = une bataille perdue d'avance)

The cartoons illustrates the RISE (INCREASE) of automation in industry and its consequences in the workplace.


WEEK 7

Synonyms for 'bad' = harmful - detrimental - negative - damaging

ex: a damaging impact on - a detrimental effect on - negative consequences - it is harmful to your health

To aim to  = avoir pour but de
They aim to reduce the effects of ...

To protect  (from) = to shield(from)

They support the governemen's decision
They oppose the measures taken by...

a topical issue = sujet d'actualité

according to + nom = selon + opinion
According  to the UN..
According to Jhon smith...

currently = actuellement
Nowadays = these days = de nos jours

In this day and age (à notre époque)

this sepcies is at risk (en danger)

Policymakers= lawmakers = decsion-makers = législateur/ décideurs

Political leaders
Business leaders













 

LINK WORDS

LINK WORDS 1

POUR COMMENCER

First, firstly, first of all, in the first place, first and foremost, to begin / start with

POUR DEVELOPPER UN SUJET

Secondly, thirdly, then, next

as a matter of fact, in fact (en fait)

at all events, in any case (en fait)

actually (effectivement, vraiment / en fait)

anyway (de toutes façons)

in most cases (dans la plupart des cas)

in this respect (à cet égard)

to some extent (dans une certaine mesure)

as far as … is concerned (en ce qui concerne)

from a (adjectif) point of view (d'un point de vue + adj.)

POUR EXPRIMER LE BUT

To, in order to, so as to + BV

POUR EXPRIMER LA CONDITION

if (si)

in case (au cas où)

suppose/ supposing (à supposer que)

provided/providing (pourvu que)

on condition that (à condition que)

so long as / as long as (à condition que)

POUR EXPRIMER L'OPPOSITION

whereas / while (tandis que)

unlike (à la différence de)

contrary to (contrairement)

 

on the one hand…, on the other hand… (d'une part…, d'autre part)

conversely (inversement)

on the contrary (au contraire)

in contrast to (en contraste avec)

otherwise (autrement)

POUR EXPRIMER LA RESTRICTION

Yet: pourtant
however: cependant
nevertheless = nonetheless = néanmoins

although / though (bien que)

as though / as if (comme si)

even though / even if (même si)

LINK WORDS 2

POUR DONNER DES EXEMPLES

for instance, for example, such as, like

namely (c'est-à-dire)

above all (surtout)

POUR EXPRIMER LA CAUSE

as (étant donné que)

because (parce que)

for (car)

since (puisque)

This is the reason why (C'est la raison pour laquelle)

because of (à cause de)

owing to (en raison de)

thanks to (grâce à)

due to (du fait de)

out of + nom (par + nom) Ex.: out of pity

on account of (étant donné)

POUR EXPRIMER LA CONSEQUENCE

so that (de telle sorte que)

that's why (c'est pourquoi)

as a result of (en conséquence de)

therefore (donc)

accordingly (en conséquence)

consequently (par conséquent)

so, thus (ainsi)

hence (d'où)

POUR EXPRIMER LE TEMPS

eventually (finalement)

till / until (jusqu'à ce que)

while (pendant que)

as long as (tant que)

whenever (chaque fois que)

since (depuis que)

once (une fois que)

meanwhile (pendant ce temps là)

in the meantime (entre temps)

at times (parfois)

POUR AJOUTER UN ELEMENT

in addition to (outre)

besides (d'ailleurs)

furthermore (en outre)

moreover, what is more, on top of that (de plus)

as well, also, too (aussi)

similarly (de même)

POUR CONCLURE

To conclude, in conclusion, as a conclusion, last but not least, to sum up...

ENGLISH ON THE NET

  English on the Net

Newspapers and magazines

The Guardian : https://www.theguardian.com 

The Independent: http://www.independent.co.uk/

BBC News : http://news.bbc.co.uk

The New York Times : http://www.nytimes.com/

USA Today: http://www.usatoday.com/

The Huffington Post:  https://www.huffpost.com/ 
 The Economist:https://www.economist.com/

 Online dictionaries

Word Reference: www.wordreference.com (dic. Bilingue)

Linguee: www.linguee.fr (dic. Bilingue)

Free Dictionary : www.thefreedictionary.com (dic. Unilingue)

Watching and listening

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish: click on “vocabulary” then click  “ 6 minute English ” 
                                                             click on 'news" then click on 'words in the news" (easy)

                                                             click on 'news' then click on 'lingohack': excellent for           pronunication and vocabulary

CNN10 : https://edition.cnn.com/cnn10

watch  the news with or without subtitles

https://www.theguardian.com/video

https://www.bbc.com/news/av/10462520/one-minute-world-news

Grammar

 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference